Novel chiral derivatives of garcinia acid bearing lactone ring moiety and process for preparing the same

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a novel chiral derivative of Garcinia acid bearing lactone ring moiety of formula I,  
                 
 
     wherein:  
     R 1 =R 3 ×alkali salt of carboxyl acid, or acid chloride or lower esters or part of N-substituted cyclic imides.  
     R 2 =hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl group and a process for preparing the same.

FIELD OF INVENTION

[0001] This invention relates to novel chiral derivatives bearing lactone moiety of Garcinia acid and a process for preparing the same.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Garcinia acid [(−)-Hydroxycitric acid lactone or (2S,3S)-Tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-5-oxo -2,3-furandicarboxylic acid] is isolated from the fruits of Garcinia cambogia,Garcinia indica and Garcinia atroviridis. Garcinaia acid for formula Ia is widely used as an important ingredient in many pharmaceutical formulations¹⁻¹⁰.

[0003] The non-availability of la in the market, in the pure form, has resulted in the limited use of these compounds in the area of organic synthesis and pharmaceutical front. This is due to the lack of any commercially viable large-scale manufacturing process. In U.S. patent application No. 09/365,301,1999 an economic, commercially viable, cost effective process for the large-scale isolation of Ia has been described¹.

[0004] Also during the past two decades there has been a great deal of interest to find cheap and potential chiral molecules from chiral pool to accomplish synthetic pathways with a high degree of asymmetric induction ¹²⁻²⁵.

[0005] Added to this, substituted γ-butyrolactones are known to be potent antagonists or agonists depending upon the substitution pattern of the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system²⁶.

[0006] The known methods for obtaining diversity functionalised chiral γ-lactones are either by the cyclisation of acyclic starting materials such as the sterioselective iodolactonisation of unsaturated 3-hydroxy acids²⁷ or from sugars such as D-ribofuranose or D-glucosamine or carbohydrates such as D-ribose, D-glucose etc ²⁸. These chemical modifications involving carbohydrates require tedious protocols.

[0007] The object of this invention therefore is to prepare novel chiral derivatives of Garcinia acid and the process of preparing the same.

[0008] To achieve the objective this invention provides novel chiral derivatives of

[0009] Garcinia acid bearing lactone ring moiety of formula I

[0010] wherein:

[0011] R₁=R₃=alkali salt of carboxyl acid, or acid chloride or lower esters or part of N-substituted cyclic imides.

[0012] R₂=hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl group.

[0013] In the above formula I

[0014] R₁& R₃ is selected from —COONa, —COCl, —COOCH₂C₆H₅, —COOC₂H₅, —COOCH(CH₃)₂,

[0015] R₂ is —H or protected hydroxyl group. to form various chiral derivatives of Garcinia acid bearing lactone ring moiety.

[0016] Chiral derivatives of Garcinia acid bearing lactone ring moiety: Ib- R₁ = R₃ = —COONa, R₂ = —OH Ic- R₁ = R₃ = —COCl, R₂ = —OH Id- R₁ = R₃ = —COOCH_(3,) R₂ = —OCH₂CSH₃ Ie- R₁ = R₃ = —COOCH₂C₆H_(5,) R₂ = —OH Ig- R₁ = R₃ = —COOC₂H_(5,) R₂ = —OH Ih- R₁ = R₃ = —COOCH(CH₃)_(2,) R₂ = —OH Ii-

R₂ = —OCOCH₃ Ij-

R₂ = —OCOCH₃

[0017] Summary of the chiral derivatives of Garcinia acid bearing lactone ring moiety is given below in scheme I:

[0018] The present invention further provides a process of preparation of Formula Ib comprising:

[0019] treating an aqueous solution of Ia with an aqueous solution of alkali till the pH of the solution is neutral,

[0020] evaporating the solution to dryness,

[0021] washing the residue with water miscible organic solvent,

[0022] drying the product Ib in vaccum.

[0023] The said alkali is sodium bicarbonate.

[0024] The invention further includes a process for the preparation of novel chiral derivative of formula Ic, comprising:

[0025] adding an organic halide to a suspension of Ib in organic solvent,

[0026] stirring the mixture for 1-4 hours,

[0027] filtering the said mixture,

[0028] evaporating the said solution to get Ic as a hygroscopic solid.

[0029] The said organic solvent is ether.

[0030] The said organic halide is thionyl chloride.

[0031] The invention further includes a process for the preparation of novel chiral derivative of formula Id comprising:

[0032] adding DMSO, an organic acid and an anhydride to If,

[0033] allowing the mixture to stand for 34 days,

[0034] adding the reaction mixture to cold saturated aqueous solution of alkali,

[0035] stirring the mixture for 1-4 hours,

[0036] extracting the resultant solution with an organic solvent,

[0037] washing the extract with aqueous alkali,

[0038] drying the organic layer,

[0039] evaporating to get crude Id,

[0040] purifying the crude Id by chromatography to get pure Id as an yellow oil.

[0041] The said organic acid is acetic acid.

[0042] The said anhydride is acetic anhydride.

[0043] The said alkali is sodium bicarbonate.

[0044] The said organic solvent used for extraction is chloroform.

[0045] The invention further includes a process for the preparation of novel chiral derivative of formula Ie comprising:

[0046] refluxing Ia with an appropriate alcohol and organic acid in toluene for 10-20 hours using Dean-Stark set up,

[0047] washing the mixture with aqueous alkali solution,

[0048] evaporating the organic phase,

[0049] recrystallising from organic solvents or their appropriate mixtures yielding Ie as a solid.

[0050] The said appropriate alcohol is benzyl alcohol.

[0051] The said anhydride is acetic anhydride.

[0052] The said alkali is sodium bicarbonate.

[0053] The said organic solvent used for crystallization is selected from hexane or ether.

[0054] The invention further includes a process of preparation of novel chiral derivative of formula Ig comprising:

[0055] adding organic halide to a suspension of Ib in absolute alcohol,

[0056] stirring the mixture for 24 hours,

[0057] neutralizing the mixture with aqueous alkali solution,

[0058] extracting the said mixture using organic solvent,

[0059] evaporating the mixture furnishing Ig as a yellow oil.

[0060] The said organic halide is thionyl chloride.

[0061] The said alcohol is ethanol.

[0062] The said alkali is sodium bicarbonate.

[0063] The said organic solvent is chloroform.

[0064] The invention further includes a process of preparation of novel chiral derivative of formula Ih comprising:

[0065] adding an organic halide to a suspension of Ib in appropriate dry alcohol,

[0066] stirring the mixture for 36 hours,

[0067] neutralizing with aqueous alkali solution,

[0068] extracting the said solution with an organic solvent.

[0069] evaporating and extracting using an appropriate organic solvent yielding Ih as a yellow oil.

[0070] The said organic halide is thionyl chloride.

[0071] The said appropriate alcohol is isopropyl alcohol.

[0072] The said appropriate alkali is sodium bicarbonate.

[0073] The said appropriate organic solvent is chloroform.

[0074] The organic solvent used after evaporation is hexane.

[0075] The invention further includes a process of preparation of novel chiral derivative of formula Ij comprising:

[0076] refluxing the suspension of Ia in an organic halide for 3 hours,

[0077] concentrating the said mixture under vacuum,

[0078] dissolving the solid obtained in an organic solvent,

[0079] adding an appropriate amine to the dissolved solution,

[0080] stirring the mixture at room temperature for 4-18 hours,

[0081] concentrating the solution under vacuum,

[0082] adding the organic halide to the semi-solid obtained,

[0083] refluxing for 18 hours,

[0084] extracting with suitable organic solvent,

[0085] subjecting the said extract to chromatography furnishing Ij as white crystals.

[0086] The said organic halide is acetyl chloride.

[0087] The said appropriate amine is 4-methoxy benzyl amine.

[0088] The said organic solvent is chloroform.

[0089] The process will now be described with reference to the following examples.

EXAMPLE 1 Garcinia acid (Ia)

[0090] Dried rinds of the fruits of Garcinia cambogia (2.0 Kg) were cut into small pieces and soaked in hot water. The extract was collected after 20 hours and the process was repeated (4-5 times). The combined extract was concentrated to get a thick mass to which methanol was added. The precipitated pectin was filtered off and the filtrate was further concentrated to a syrup. The syrup was made alkaline by adding sufficient quantity of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution followed by the addition of methanol till two layers separated. The separated sodium salt of Ia (lower layer) was washed several times with aqueous methanol. The pure sodium salt was dissolved in sufficient quantity of 2N hydrochlorice acid. To the concentrated solution acetone was added to remove insoluble impurities. The filtrate on concentration yielded crude crystals of Garcinia acid Upon recrystallisation from acetone-chloroform mixture yielded crystals of Ia in high purity.

[0091] Melting point: 178° C.

[0092] Yield: 135.0 g

EXAMPLE 2 Disodium(2S,3S)tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,3-furandicarboxylate (Ib):

[0093] To an aqueous solution of Ia (2.0 g, 10.5 mmol, in 10 ml water) saturated sodium bicarbonate solution was added till the pH of the solution is neutral. The residue obtained after evaporation was washed with dry acetone (5×20 ml). The product Ib was finally dried under vacuum.

[0094] Yield: 2.0 g (82%).

EXAMPLE 3 (2S,3S)-tetrahydro3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,3-furandicarbonylchloride (Ic)

[0095] To a suspension of Ib (1.0 g, 4.4 mmol) in ether (10 ml), thionyl chloride (1.0 ml, 14 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred for two hours. Filtration followed by evaporation of the reaction mixture yielded IC.

[0096] Yield: 0.75 g (65%).

EXAMPLE 4 Dimethyl(2S,3S)-tetrahydro-3-oxo-[(methylthio)methoxyl-5oxo-2,3-furandicarboxylate (Id):

[0097] To a solution of If (2 g, 9.2 mmol) in DMSO (28 ml), acetic acid (3.5 ml) in acetic anhydride (20 ml) was added. The mixture was allowed to stand for three days. The reaction mixture was added to saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (400 ml) and stirred for one hour. It was extracted with chloroform (3 ×125 ml) and the combined chloroform extracts was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (100 ml) followed by water (2×50 ml). The chloroform extract was dried (sodium sulphate) and evaporated to get crude Id (1.5 g). Id was further purified by column chromatography (silicagel 60-120 mesh, eluent: hexane-chloroform, 10-50%)

[0098] Yield: 0.75 g (29%)

EXAMPLE 5 Bis(phenylmethyl)(2S,3S)-tetrahydro-3hydroxy-5-oxo-2,3-furandicarboxylate (Ie)

[0099] Ia (3.8 g, 20 mmol) was refluxed with benzyl alcohol (6.5 g, 60 mmol) and p-toluene sulphonic acid (50 mg, 0.25 mmol) in toluene (40 ml) for 13 hours using a Dean-Stark*set up. The mixture was washed with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (50 ml). The aqueous phase was extracted using chloroform (20 ml). Evaporation of the combined extracts yielded Ie which was recrystallised from hexane-ether.

[0100] Melting point: 81-82° C.

[0101] Yield: 5.2 g (70%)

EXAMPLE 6 Diethyl (2S,3S)tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-5oxo-2,3-furandicarboxylate (Ig):

[0102] To a precooled (-5

[0103] 0° C.) suspension of Ib (1.0 g, 4.4 mmol) in dry ethanol (10 ml), thionyl chloride ( 0.7 ml, 10 mmol) was added. The mixture was then stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. After filtration of the reaction mixture, pH of the filtrate was adjusted to 7.0, by adding saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate and was extracted with chloroform (3×10 ml). The combined extract upon drying and evaporation furnished an oily residue of Ig.

[0104] Yield:0.9 g (77%)

EXAMPLE 7 Diisopropyl (2S,3S)-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,3-furandicarboxylate (Ih)

[0105] To a precooled (−5-0° C.) suspension of Ib (1.0 g, 4.4 mmol) in isopropyl alcohol (10 ml) and thionyl chloride ( 0.7 ml, 10 mmol) was added. The mixture was then stirred for 36 hours at room temperature. After filtration of the reaction mixture, pH of the filtrate was adjusted to 7.0, by adding saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate and was extracted with chloroform (3×10 ml). The organic layer was concentrated and extracted using hexane. The combined extract upon drying and evaporation furnished an oily residue of Ih.

[0106] Yield: 0.5 g (41%)

EXAMPLE 8 (3aS,6aS)-3a-(acetyloxy)dihydro5(phenylmethyl)6Hfuro[2,3-c]pyrrole-a,4,6 (3H,4H)-trione) (Ii).

[0107] A suspension of Ia (1 g, 5 mmol) in acetyl chloride (4 ml) was refluxed for 3 hours followed by concentration under vacuum. The solid obtained was dissolved in THF (5 ml) and benzyl amine (0.535 ml, 5 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours and concentrated in vacuum. To the semi-solid obtained acetyl chloride (5 ml) was added and the mixture was refluxed for 18 hours. Extraction using ethyl acetate followed by recrystallisation from hexane ethyl acetate furnished Ii as white crystals.

[0108] Melting point: 156-157° C.

[0109] Yield: 0.75 g (52%)

[0110] Uses:

[0111] Pharmaceutical applications

[0112] Chiral derivatives, Ia-Ik, are used as chiral synthons

REFERENCES

[0113] 1. U.S. Pat. No. 4,005,086 dated Jan. 25, 1977

[0114] 2. U.S. Pat. No. 4,006,166 dated Feb. 1, 1977

[0115] 3. U.S. Pat. No. 4,007,208 dated Feb. 8, 1977

[0116] 4. U.S. Pat. No. 5,536,516 dated Jul. 16, 1996

[0117] 5. U.S. Pat. No. WO 9605741 A1 960229

[0118] 6. U.S. Pat. No. WO 9636585 A1 961121

[0119] 7. CA 86, 1977, 186629r.

[0120] 8. CA 85, 1976,41531x.

[0121] 9. CA 87, 1977, 195626k.

[0122] 10. CA 96, 1982,30421n

[0123] 11. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/365, 301, 1999

[0124] 12. Tetrahedron Letters Vol. 25 pp 4491-4494, 1984

[0125] 13. Tetrahedron Vol. 43, No. 19, pp 4497-4506, 1987

[0126] 14. Tetrahedron Vol. 38, No. 15, pp 2377-2394, 1982

[0127] 15. Tetrahedron Vol. 34, pp 1449-1452, 1978

[0128] 16. J. Org. Chem. 63, 2385-2388, 1998

[0129] 17. JCS Chem. Comm. pp 711, 1973

[0130] 18. J. Org. Chem. 58, 2725-2737, 1993

[0131] 19. Tetrahedron Vol. 31, pp 3011-3012, 1975

[0132] 20. Tetrahedron Letters Vol. 22, No. 52, pp 5271-5274, 1981

[0133] 21. Tetrahedron Letters Vol. 23, No. 48, pp 5051-5054, 1982

[0134] 22. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 5041

[0135] 23. Synthesis 89, 1986

[0136] 24. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 8560

[0137] 25. Tetrahedron, Vol. 52, No. 7, pp 2603-2628, 1996

[0138] 26. J. Org. Cheni. 1993, 58, 2725

[0139] 27. Tetrahedron Letters 1981, 22, 4611

[0140] 28. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2168 and references cited there in 

We claim:
 1. A novel chiral derivative of Garcinia acid bearing lactone ring moiety of formula I,

wherein: R₁=R₃=alkali salt of carboxyl acid, or acid chloride or lower esters or part of n-substituted cyclic imides: R₂=hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl group.
 2. A derivative as claimed in claim 1 wherein R₁& R₃ is selected from —COONa, —COCl, —COOCH₃, —COOCH₂C6H₅, —COOC₂H₅, —COOCH(CH₃)₂,

R₂ is —OH or protected hydroxyl group.
 3. A derivative as claimed in claim 1 wherein R₁=R₃=—COONa, R₂=—OH and said derivative is Disodium(2S,3S)-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,3-furandicarboxylate.


4. A derivative as claimed in claim 1 wherein R₁=R₃=—COCl, R₂=—OH and said derivative is (2S,3S)-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,3-furandicarbonylchloride.


5. A derivative as claimed in claim 1 wherein R₁=R₃=—COOCH₃, R₂=—OCH₂SCH₃ and said derivative is Dimethyl(2S,3S)-tetrahydro-3-oxo -[(methylthio)methoxy]-5-oxo-2,3-furandicarboxylate.


6. A derivative as claimed in claim 1 wherein R₁=R₃=—COOCH₂C6H₅, R₂=—OH and said derivative is Bis(phenylmethyl)(2S,3S)-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy -5-oxo-2,3-furandicarboxylate.


7. A derivative as claimed in claim 1 wherein R₁=R₃=—COOC₂H₅, R₂=—OH and said derivative is Diethyl (2S,3S)-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-5-oxo -2,3-furandicarboxylate.


8. A derivative as claimed in claim 1 wherein R₁=R₃=—COOCH(CH₃)₂, R₂=—OH and said derivative is Diisopropyl (2S,3S)tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,3-furandicarboxylate.


9. A derivative as claimed in claim 1 wherein R₁, R₃=

R₂=—OCOCH₃ and said derivative is (1S,5S)-7-benzyl-5-acetoxy-2-oxo-7-azabicyclo[3,3,0]octane-3,6,8-trione.


10. A derivative as claimed in claim 1 wherein R₁, R₃=R₂=—OCOCH₃


11. A process for the preparation of novel chiral derivative of formula Ib, as claimed in claim 3, comprising: treating an aqueous solution of Ia with an aqueous solution of alkalyl the pH of the solution is neutral, evaporating the solution to dryness, washing the residue with water miscible organic solvent, drying the product Ib in vaccum.
 12. A process for the preparation of novel chiral derivative of formula Ic as claimed in claim 4, comprising: adding an organic halide to a suspension of Ib in organic solvent, stirring the mixture for 14 hours, filtering the said mixture, evaporating the said solution to get Ic as a hygroscopic solid.
 13. A process for the preparation of novel chiral derivative for formula Id as claimed in claim 5 comprising: adding DMSO, an organic acid and an anhydride to If, allowing the mixture to stand for 34 days, adding the reaction mixture to cold saturated aqueous solution of alkali, stirring the mixture for 1-4hours, extracting the resultant solution with an organic solvent, washing the extract with aqueous alkali, drying the organic layer, evaporating to get crude Id, purifying the crude Id by chromatography to get pure Id as an yellow oil.
 14. A process for the preparation of novel chiral derivative for formula Ie as claimed in claim 6 comprising: refluxing Ia with an appropriate alcohol and organic acid in t toluene for 10-20 hours using Dean-Stark set up, washing the mixture with aqueous alkali solution, evaporating the organic phase, recrystallising from organic solvents or their appropriate mixtures yielding Ie as a solid.
 15. A process of preparation of novel chiral derivative of formula Ig as claimed in claim 8 comprising: adding organic halide to a suspension of Ib in absolute alcohol, stirring the mixture for 24 hours, neutralizing the mixture with aqueous alkali solution, extracting the said mixture using organic solvent, evaporating the mixture furnishing Ig as a yellow oil.
 16. A process of preparation of novel chiral derivative for formula Ih as claimed in claim 9 comprising: adding an organic halide to a suspension of Ib in appropriate dry alcohol, stirring the mixture for 36 hours, neutralizing with aqueous alkali solution, extracting the said solution with an organic solvent. evaporating and extracting using an appropriate organic solvent yielding Ih as a yellow oil.
 17. A process of preparation of novel chiral derivative of formula Ii as claimed in claim 11 comprising: refluxing the suspension of Ia in an organic halide for 3 hours, concentrating the said mixture under vacuum, dissolving the solid obtained in an organic solvent, adding an appropriate amine to the dissolved solution, stirring the mixture at room temperature for 4-18 hours, concentrating the solution under vacuum, adding the organic halide to the semi-solid obtained, refluxing for 18 hours, extracting with suitable organic solvent, subjecting the said extract to chromatography furnishing Ij as white crystals.
 18. A process as claimed in claim 12 wherein, the said alkali is sodium bicarbonate.
 19. A process as claimed in claim 14 wherein, the said alkali is sodium bicarbonate.
 20. A process as claimed in claim 15 wherein, the said alkali is sodium bicarbonate.
 21. A process as claimed in claim 16 wherein, the said alkali is sodium bicarbonate.
 22. A process as claimed in claim 17 wherein, the said alkali is sodium bicarbonate.
 23. A process, as claimed in claim 13 wherein, the said organic solvent is ether.
 24. A process, as claimed in claim 13 wherein, the said organic halide is thionyl chloride.
 25. A process, as claimed in claim 16 wherein, the said organic halide is thionyl chloride.
 26. A process, as claimed in claim 17 wherein, the said organic halide is thionyl chloride.
 27. A process, as claimed in claim 14 wherein, the said organic acid is acetic acid.
 28. A process, as claimed in claim 14 wherein, the said anhydride is acetic anhydride.
 29. A process, as claimed in claim 15 wherein, the said anhydride is acetic anhydride.
 30. A process, as claimed in claim 14 wherein, the said organic solvent used for extraction is chloroform.
 31. A process, as claimed in claim 16 wherein, the said organic solvent used for extraction is chloroform.
 32. A process, as claimed in claims 17 wherein, the said organic solvent used for extraction is chloroform.
 33. A process, as claimed in claims 18 wherein, the said organic solvent used for extraction is chloroform.
 34. A process, as claimed in claim 15 wherein, the said appropriate alcohol is benzyl alcohol.
 35. A process, as claimed in claim 15 wherein, the said organic solvent used for crystallization is selected from hexane or ether.
 37. A process as claimed in claim 16 wherein, the said alcohol is ethanol.
 38. A process, as claimed in claim 17 wherein, the said appropriate alcohol is isopropyl alcohol.
 39. A process, as claimed in claim 17 wherein, the organic solvent used after evaporation is hexane.
 40. A process, as claimed in claim 18 wherein, the said organic halide is acetyl chloride.
 41. A process as claimed in claim 18 wherein, the said appropriate amine is 4-methoxy benzyl amine. 